Harga Pangan Sulitkan Masyarakat Penuhi Kebutuhan Gizi
Thursday, January 25, 2018
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Harga Pangan Sulitkan Masyarakat Penuhi Kebutuhan Gizi
Opini Bangsa - Pemenuhan gizi pada bayi, anak dan orang dewasa sangat penting. Namun pada sebagian kalangan, hal itu terbilang sulit untuk dilakukan.
Penyebabnya antara lain adalah minimnya pemahaman akan gizi dan tingginya harga pangan. Harga pangan yang tinggi menyulitkan masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi, terutama untuk mereka yang termasuk ekonoomi lemah.
Peneliti Center for Indonesian Policy Studies (CIPS) Novani Karina Saputri menjelaskan, lima bahan pokok yang relatif mengalami kenaikan harga pada Mei-Desember 2017 adalah beras, daging sapi, garam, kedelas dan Susu. Kenaikan harga bahan pokok dipicu beberapa hal, di antaranya adalah kenaikan harga beras yang terbilang cukup signifikan hingga di atas Rp 12.000 per kilogram.
"Naiknya harga beras disebabkan oleh tingginya jumlah permintaan akan beras yang tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh jumlah beras yang diproduksi," ujarnya kepada redaksi, Kamis (25/1).
Kemudian harga daging sapi mengalami kenaikan 52,7 di bulan Juni dan 11,37 di Desember. Salah satu faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab adalah tingginya permintaan menjelang Idul Fitri, Natal, dan tahun baru. Selain itu, isu kelangkaan sapi betina produktif di wilayah Australia Utara juga menjadi pemicu lain.
"Isu kelangkaan sapi betina produktif di Australia Utara harus berhadapan dengan kebijakan pemerintah dalam impor sapi, yaitu mengharuskan satu dari enam ekor haruslah berupa sapi betina. Kebijakan ini juga berpotensi menyebabkan turunnya jumlah persediaan daging sapi nasional," terang Novani.
Selain beras dan daging sapi, tingginya permintaan atas garam konsumsi yang tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh hasil produksi dalam negeri. Terbatasnya jumlah pasokan juga menyebabkan tingginya lonjakan harga garam per satuan. Rendahnya produksi garam diduga karena kondisi iklim di Indonesia yang kurang mendukung.
"Permasalahan tingginya harga pangan ini menjadi salah satu hambatan kecukupan gizi terutama masyarakat menengah ke bawah. Selain beras yang merupakan sumber pemenuhan kebutuhan karbohidrat nasional, daging sapi juga dikatagorikan sebagai sumber pemenuhan kebutuhan protein nasional. Kalau harga kebutuhan sumber nutrisi nasional terlampau tinggi secara tidak lagsung akan berpengaruh pada tingginya prosentase stunting atau gizi buruk kronis," papar Novani.
Data TNP2K pada pertengahan 2017, angka gizi buruk pada anak Indonesia terus berada di atas 10 persen. Artinya bahwa gizi buruk pada anak masih menjadi persoalan yang belum terselesaikan. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menentukan jumlah gizi buruk pada anak, di antaranya adalah kurang bergizinya asupan makanan pada bayi atau ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia. Kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan anak dilahirkan dengan berat badan rendah.
"Lebih baik pemerintah jangan hanya fokus pada langkah memberikan makanan sehat atau memperbaiki lingkungan. Pemerintah juga perlu memastikan pasokan kebutuhan pangan untuk kebutuhan dalam negeri dan memastikan harga pangan menjadi lebih terjangkau terutama untuk orang miskin," demikian Novani. [opini-bangsa.com / rmol]
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