'Subsidi' Buat Konglomerat Sawit Sempat Naik 2.000 Persen
Tuesday, February 13, 2018
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'Subsidi' Buat Konglomerat Sawit Sempat Naik 2.000 Persen
Opini Bangsa - Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (BPDPKS) diketahui menyalurkan dana miliaran hingga triliunan rupiah untuk puluhan perusahaan yang terafiliasi konglomerasi sawit sepanjang 2015—2016.
Badan itu mengelola setoran dana oleh pelbagai perusahaan eksportir sawit untuk dialokasikan untuk kepentingan industri perkebunan tersebut. BPDPKS berdiri sejak Juni 2015.
Selama 2015—2017, dana yang juga dikenal dengan nama 'CPO Fund' itu lebih banyak dipakai untuk pembayaran selisih harga biodiesel, dibandingkan dengan penggunaan lainnya macam riset atau dana peremajaan sawit.
Data yang diperoleh CNNIndonesia.com menyatakan pembayaran selisih harga biodiesel pada 2015 mencapai 467,21 miliar kemudian melonjak menjadi Rp10,68 triliun pada 2016. Lonjakan ‘subsidi’ pada periode itu mencapai sekitar 2.000 persen.
Istilah ‘subsidi’ datang dari Kajian Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) tentang perkebunan sawit pada 2016. Dalam kajian itu, lembaga antikorupsi itu mengkritik penggunaan dana perkebunan kelapa sawit yang habis untuk program biodiesel semata.
“Sekitar 81,8 persen biaya subsidi mandatori biodiesel diserap oleh empat (grup) perusahaan,” demikian tulis KPK dalam kajian tersebut.
Pendapatan pungutan dana sawit sendiri mencapai Rp6,90 triliun pada 2015 dan meningkat menjadi Rp11,69 triliun pada 2016. Pendapatan lainnya berasal dari pengelolaan dana yakni Rp78,80 miliar pada 2015 menjadi Rp630,38 miliar.
Penggunaan CPO Fund Lain
Penggunaan dana besar lainnya adalah untuk surveyor yakni Rp53,31 miliar (2015) menjadi Rp103,10 miliar (2016); dana riset Rp10,25 miliar (2015) menjadi Rp52,76 miliar (2016).
Lainnya adalah penyaluran dana peremajaan kebun sawit Rp623,49 juta (2015) menjadi Rp9,31 miliar (2016); pengembangan SDM di industri sawit Rp672 juta (2015) menjadi Rp44,56 miliar (2016) serta gaji plus tunjangan pengurus BPDPKS Rp6,79 miliar (2015) menjadi Rp37,47 miliar (2016).
Data Gabungan Pengusaha Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (Gapki) menunjukkan produksi dan konsumsi biodiesel sepanjang 2014—2016 mengalami pasang surut. Pada 2014, produksi sempat mencapai 3 juta kiloliter, 1,18 juta kiloliter dan akhirnya mencapai 3,65 juta kiloliter.
Sedangkan konsumsi biodiesel mencapai 1,60 juta kiloliter, 860 ribu kiloliter hingga menjadi 2,25 juta kiloliter pada 2016.
Harga Minyak Mentah
Musdhalifah Machmud, Komite Pengarah BPDPKS, mengatakan kenaikan selisih harga biodiesel itu berkaitan dengan patokan harga minyak mentah internasional dan harga jual.
“Semakin jauh selisih harga crude oil dengan harga diesel, semakin besar pula yang harus dibayarkan BPDPKS,” kata dia ketika dihubungi, Senin.
Dia menuturkan dana yang ada di BPDPKS selama ini memang berasal dari perusahaan sawit yang disetorkan ke lembaga tersebut. Musdhalifah tak mempersoalkan dana yang disebutnya juga kembali ke industri sawit.
“Jadi dari mereka untuk mereka juga, tidak masalah, kan juga berdampak bagi industri sawitnya sendiri, hingga ke perekonomian juga,” tuturnya.
Terpisah, Ketua Umum Asosiasi Produsen Biofuel (Aprobi) MP Tumanggor menuturkan hal serupa, bahwa kenaikan itu hanya terkait dengan selisih harga.
Apalagi, kata dia, pada 2015 lalu harga minyak internasional sempat jatuh sehingga subsidi yang diberikan badan pengelola CPO Fund tersebut relatif besar.
Dimintai tanggapannya soal prioritas alokasi untuk biodiesel, Tumanggor mengungkapkan tujuan utama adalah bagaimana harga CPO tak jatuh. Di sisi lain, dia menuturkan, alokasi untuk replanting bisa saja naik karena selisih harga CPO dan minyak mentah tak demikian besar.
“Ke depan bisa saja 20 persen (dana BPDPKS) untuk replanting karena selisih harga CPO dan crude oil tidak beda jauh sehingga sehingga pembayaran selisih harga menjadi kecil,” katanya.
Pada Januari—September 2017, lima perusahaan sawit berskala besar mendapatkan gelontoran Rp7,5 triliun untuk biodiesel.
Lima perusahaan sawit itu terdiri dari Wilmar Group, Darmex Agro Group, Musim Mas, First Resources, dan Louis Dreyfus Company (LDC). Dalam hal ini, Wilmar Group mendapatkan nilai ‘subsidi’ terbesar, yakni Rp4,16 triliun. [opini-bangsa.com / cnn]
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