Zakat ASN Jangan Sampai Jadi Agenda Terselubung Menutup Defisit Anggaran
Friday, February 9, 2018
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Zakat ASN Jangan Sampai Jadi Agenda Terselubung Menutup Defisit Anggaran
Berita Islam 24H - Rencana pemerintah menarik zakat penghasilan atau profesi bagi Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) yang muslim sebesar 2,5 persen, diduga untuk menutup defisit anggaran pemerintah. Anggaran defisit adalah anggaran dengan pengeluaran negara lebih besar daripada penerimaan negara.
"Terkait zakat profesi, jangan sampai hanya jadi cara tersembunyi menutup defisit," kata Anggota Komisi XI DPR RI, Heri Gunawan kepada Kantor Berita Politik RMOL, Jumat (9/2).
Politisi Partai Gerindra ini menegaskan bahwa zakat sesungguhnya merupakan ranah privat yang sifatnya sukarela. Kalau kemudian hal yang bukan ranah negara itu harus diatur dengan menggunakan peraturan presiden (Perpres), maka itu akan berpotensi memunculkan polemik baru.
"Belum lagi pada kelompok ASN yang beragama Islam itu tidak tertutup kemungkinan ada yang wajib diberi zakat. Bagaimana mungkin orang yang wajib menerima, justru dipungut zakat," ujar Heri.
Anak buah Prabowo Subianto ini menekankan bahwa wacana tersebut seperti menunjukkan tidak sensitifnya pemerintah terhadap kesanggupan ASN. Dimana disebutkan bahwa ASN yang wajib dipungut zakat adalah penghasilannya setara 85 gram setahun. Dijelaskannya jika memakai patokan per 7 Februari 2018, harga emas sebesar Rp 576.511 per gram, maka emas 85 gram itu setara dengan penghasilan Rp 49.003.435 per tahun atau per bulannya sebesar Rp 4 juta.
Artinya, tambah Heri, ASN dengan penghasilan minimal Rp 4 juta per bulan dikenai potongan zakat. Dengan gaji sebesar itu, menurut dia banyak ASN yang tidak cukup memenuhi kebutuhannya karena alasan macam-macam dari kebutuhan harian, bayar sekolah anak, sampai bayar kredit dan utang.
"Ini menimbulkan polemik. Bahkan, sampai pada anggapan bahwa pemerintah sedang mencari dana untuk menambal defisit anggaran saat ini. Wacana ini sangat tidak tepat dan perlu kajian berulang-ulang. Apalagi itu dicetuskan di tahun politik. Sangat sensitif sehingga perlu kehati-hatian penuh. Apalagi potensinya tidak sedikit. Bisa mencapai di atas Rp 200 triliun," jelas Heri.
Selain itu, menurut dia akan ada pula beberapa polemik lain yang bakalan ada saat wacana itu diterapkan. Pertama, misalkan soal mekanisme perhitungan jumlah pendapatan ASN setelah dipotong semua pengeluaran kebutuhan dasarnya, utangnya, dan pengeluaran dengan biaya operasional dalam bekerja, sehingga negara bisa menetapkan yang bersangkutan telah berkewajiban untuk mengeluarkan zakat profesi.
"Kedua, soal kontroversi ranah privat yang sudah diatur negara. Hal tersebut bisa memunculkan polemik yang lebih sensitif. Ketiga, soal timing-nya yang bertepatan dengan tahun politik di saat pemerintah sedang menghadapi defisit anggaran. Keempat, soal pungutan zakat di saat kepercayaan umat terhadap pemerintah dan lembaga pengelola zakat yang masih kurang," urainya.
Sebab itu, Heri menghimbau pemerintah bahwa ketimbang berpolemik tentang zakat AKAN, sebaiknya pemerintah membenahi mekanisme pengelolaan zakat agar lebih profesional dan transparan.
"Dengan begitu, kepercayaan umat terhadap pengelolaan zakat oleh pemerintah akan lebih baik lagi," imbuhnya.
Heri menilai bahwa sepintas, zakat ASN dan pajak sebenarnya memiliki fungsi yang sama. Yakni sebagai alat distribusi kesejahteraan. Bedanya adalah pajak itu ranah publik sedangkan zakat adalah ranah privat.
"Jadi, sekali lagi, bahwa zakat adalah suatu yang bersifat sukarela dan sudah diatur berdasarkan kaidah-kaidah syariah. Negara tidak perlu ikut campur di situ. Jangan sampai akan muncul pandangan pungutan zakat lewat Perpres itu adalah cara tersembunyi pemerintah untuk menutup defisit anggaran karena penghasilan pajak yang terus meleset dari target, sementara 80 persen pendapatan pemerintah bergantung dari situ," tegasnya.
"Sebab itu, wacana tersebut harus ditinjau ulang dengan hati-hati. Pemerintah perlu melibatkan seluruh elemen atau organisasi Islam untuk memusyawarahkan hal tersebut," pungkas Heri menambahkan. [b-islam24h.com / rmol]
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