Harga Beras Tak Stabil, Mana Janji Jokowi Bentuk Badan Pangan?
Tuesday, December 26, 2017
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Harga beras medium di Pasar Induk Cipinang, Jakarta Timur, terpantau naik hingga melebihi Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) yang ditetapkan pemerintah Rp 9.450 per kilogram. Harga beras medium dijual rata-rata Rp 9.800 hingga Rp 10.600 per kilogram.
Sementara penjual beras Iwan mengatakan, kenaikan harga beras sudah sejak 20 Desember.
“Faktor pasokan yang kurang dari Bulukumba. Sehingga naik harga rata-rata Rp 500 per kilogram,” ujar Iwan Minggu (24/12).
Ekonom Institute for Development of Economics and Finance (INDEF), Bhima Yudhsitra, mengatakan ada beberapa penyebab kenaikan beras medium antara lain tingginya permintaan saat Hari Raya Natal dan Tahun Baru.
“Untuk mengantisipasi permintaan yang tinggi, mestinya dilakukan operasi pasar. Stok Bulog yang selama ini disimpan, dikeluarkan untuk menjaga stabilitas harga,” katanya Senin (25/12).
Masalah lainnya masih banyak spekulan beras. Selama ini pemain nakal beras nyatanya masih ada yang mempengaruhi harga beras di pasar. Hal tersebut membuat pasokan beras tersendat.
“Banyak pihak yang hampir setiap tahun memanfaatkan kondisi ini. Ini biasanya para spekulan-spekulan. Pasokannya memang ada tetapi harganya terus naik karena kita sama-sama tahu rantai pasokan beras ada 9 mata rantai,” paparnya.
Kalau sudah seperti ini, kata Bhima, pemerintah harus konsisten belajar tegas pada HET yang sudah ditetapkan. “Karena ini musiman, harusnya bisa antipasipasi. Kalau HET-nya seperti itu, pemerintah harus konsisten,” lanjutnya.
Bhima mengatakan keberadaan satgas pangan juga sangat penting. Bhima menilai harusnya jika HET mulai goyah dan terpengaruh, di situlah peran satgas pangan dan pengawas pasar-pasar harus diperketat.
Dia juga mengingatkan agar pemerintah kembali membahas rencana pembentukan badan pangan. Selama ini rencana pembentukan badan pangan mangkrak selama 5 tahun.
“Sebenarnya kita sudah punya mekanisme cukup bagus dari UU Pangan yang mengatur pengawasan harga agar tidak terlalu tinggi di level pasar, tapi tidak menjatuhkan petani. UU Pangan ini sudah 5 tahun mangkrak dalam membuat badan pangan. Segeralah pemerintah rampungkan badan pangan,” tegasnya.
Mangkrak sejak 2015
Undang Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan (UU Pangan) telah mengamanatkan pemerintah untuk membentuk Badan Pangan Nasional selambat-lambatnya 3 tahun setelah UU Pangan disahkan, atau 17 November 2015.
Meski sudah melewati batas waktu tersebut, Badan Pangan Nasional belum juga dibentuk. Akhir Juli lalu Wakil Ketua Komisi IV DPR Viva Yoga Mauladi menagih janji pemerintah untuk membentuk badan baru yang menangani masalah pangan secara nasional.
Pembentukan badan khusus itu dinilai dapat menyelesaikan persoalan komoditas pangan yang sedang ramai dibicarakan.
“Badan ini seharusnya sudah terbentuk pada Oktober 2015. Pemerintah berhutang pada undang-undang selama dua tahun,” ujar Viva Yoga saat menjadi narasumber dalam diskusi Perspektif Indonesia di Menteng, Jakarta Pusat, akhir Juli lalu.
Desember 2015 pemerintah pernah berujar bahwa akhir tahun 2015 Badan Pangan Nasional akan terbentuk.
“Draftnya (aturan Badan Pangan Nasional) baru ada koreksi dari Menko Perekonomi (Darmin Nasution), sekarang sudah diperbaiki, tinggal finalisasi. Targetnya akhir tahun ini selesai,” ungkap Kepala Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian Gardjita Budi, pada 2015 lalu.
September lalu, Wakil Ketua Komisi IV DPR RI Herman Khasron Menginformasikan Badan Pangan Nasional dalam waktu dekat segera didirikan, sembari menunggu diterbitkannya peraturan presiden.
“Informasi terakhir presiden sudah menyetujui pendirian, begitu juga Menpan tinggal melakukan satu lagi rapat terbatas dengan kementerian terkait untuk segera memutuskan jadi peraturan presiden,” kata Herman.
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