Mengejutkan, Kebakaran Hutan 2015 Rugikan Negara Rp 221 Triliun
Thursday, December 28, 2017
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Hampir 50% dari bencana yang terjadi memengaruhi perekonomian negara. World Bank atau Bank Dunia mencatat kerugian dari kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di Indonesia sejak Juli-Oktober tahun 2015 mencapai Rp221 triliun. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari penurunan pendapatan nasional, peningkatan defisit fiskal hingga peningkatan defisit perdagangan.
Menurut data yang telah dicatat oleh World Bank sejak Juli-Oktober 2015, kerugian yang dialami Indonesia dari kebakaran hutan mencapai Rp221 triliun. Selain itu, setidaknya 19 orang meninggal dan terdapat juga terdaan pat 500.000 insiden gangguan saluran pernapasan. Tercatat juga bahwa beban biaya pelayanan kesehatan mencapai Rp2,1 triliun dan beban biaya untuk tambahan pendidikan sebesar Rp540 miliar.
“Sebesar 2,6 juta hektare atau sebesar 4,5 kali dari pulau Bali terbakar dan sebagai besarnya merupakan lahan gambut,” ujar Senior Disaster Management Adviser World Bank, Iwan Gunawan dalam acara Diskusi Pakar Perlindungan Gambut dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, Rabu (27/12) yang dikutip Okeone.com.
Wilayah yang termasuk dalam kebakaran tersebut mencakup wilayah Jambi, Riau, Sumatra Selatan, Papua, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Timur, dengan pola land-use sesuai karakter pulau besar seperti Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Papua.
Akibat bencana itu terdapat pula dampak dari motarium seperti kehilangan pajak dan pendapatan daerah serta penurunan nilai lahan bagi pemegang konsensi. Menurut World Bank, pemerintah juga mengalami kerugian seperti perubahan harga dan akses terhadap tanah, penurunan pendapatan daerah dari pajak dan restribusi serta beban pembiayaan untuk restorasi ekosistem.
“Kerugian bagi masyarakat Indonesia mencapai USD16,1 miliar, belum termasuk Singapura dan Malaysia yang terkena dampak dan juga generasi mendatang. Dari begitu banyaknya kerugian, terdapat juga sedikit keuntungan yang sebesar USD8 miliar,” jelasnya.
Menurut World Bank, nilai kerugian itu belum termasuk kerugian negara tetangga Singapura dan Malaysia yang terimbas asap dari hutan yang terbakar. (swa)
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